Zend Framework Blog

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <gd.h>
#include <math.h>

float randomFloat()
{
srand(time(NULL));
float r = (float)rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
return r;
}

int calculateOutput(float weights[], float x, float y)
{
float sum = x * weights[0] + y * weights[1];
return (sum >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
// X coordinates of the training set.
float x[] = {
-3.2, 1.1, 2.7, -1
};

// Y coordinates of the training set.
float y[] = {
1.5, 3.3, 5.12, 2.1
};

// The training set outputs.
int outputs[] = {
1, -1, -1, 1
};

int patternCount = sizeof(x) / sizeof(int);

float weights[2];
weights[0] = randomFloat();
weights[1] = randomFloat();

float learningRate = 0.01;

int iteration = 0;
int i, p;
float globalError;

do {

globalError = 0;
int p = 0; // iterator
for (p = 0; p < patternCount; p++)
{
// Calculate output.
int output = calculateOutput(weights, x[p], y[p]);

// Calculate error.
float localError = outputs[p] – output;

if (localError != 0)
{
// Update weights.
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
float add = learningRate * localError;
if (i == 0)
{
add *= x[p];
}
else if (i == 1)
{
add *= y[p];
}
weights[i] += add;
}
}

// Convert error to absolute value.
globalError += fabs(localError);

printf(“Iteration %d Error %5.2f\n”, iteration, globalError);

iteration++;
}

} while (globalError != 0);

// Display network generalisation.
printf(“X Y Output\n”);
float j, k;
for (j = -1; j <= 1; j += .5)
{
for (j = -1; j <= 1; j += .5)
{
// Calculate output.
int output = calculateOutput(weights, j, k);
printf(“%5.2f %5.2f %s\n”, j, k, (output == 1) ? “Blue” : “Red”);
}
}

// Display modified weights.
printf(“Modified weights: %5.2f %5.2f\n”, weights[0], weights[1]);

// Create image representation.
gdImagePtr im;
FILE *fp;
im = gdImageCreateTrueColor(600, 600);
if (im != 0)
{
// So the points are further from each other
// and the graph is more readable.
int multiplier = 50;

// Allocate colors.
int white = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 255, 255);
int lightGrey = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 220, 220, 220);
int black = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 0, 0);
int blue = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 0, 255);
int red = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 0, 0);
int green = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 200, 50);

// White flood fill.
gdImageFill(im, 0, 0, lightGrey);

// Points.
float cx, cy;
for (i = 0; i < patternCount; i++)
{
// Calculate output.
int output = calculateOutput(weights, x[i], y[i]);

cx = floor(300 + multiplier*x[i] + 0.5);
cy = floor(300 – multiplier*y[i] + 0.5);

int color = (output == 1) ? blue : red;

gdImageFilledEllipse(im, (int)cx, (int)cy, 10, 10, color);
}

// Linear separation.
float a = 0, b = 0;
for (i = 0; i < patternCount; i++)
{
int fx = (a > 0 && b > 0) ? 1 : 0;
a += learningRate * (y[i] – fx) * x[i];
b += learningRate * (y[i] – fx);
}
printf(“y = %5.2fx + %5.2f\n”, a, b);
// x = -300 => y = -300*a + b
// x = 300 => y = 300*a + b
gdImageLine(im, -2, (int)(300 + multiplier*300*a + b), 598, (int)(300 – multiplier*300*a + b), green);
gdImageLine(im, -1, (int)(300 + multiplier*300*a + b), 599, 300 – (int)(multiplier*300*a + b), green);
gdImageLine(im, 0, (int)(300 + multiplier*300*a + b), 600, 300 – (int)(multiplier*300*a + b), green);
gdImageLine(im, 1, (int)(300 + multiplier*300*a + b), 601, 300 – (int)(multiplier*300*a + b), green);
gdImageLine(im, 2, (int)(300 + multiplier*300*a + b), 602, 300 – (int)(multiplier*300*a + b), green);

// X coordinate.
gdImageLine(im, 0, 300, 600, 300, black);

// Y coordinate.
gdImageLine(im, 300, 0, 300, 600, black);

fp = fopen(“training.png”, “wb”);
if (fp != 0)
{
gdImagePng(im, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
}
gdImageDestroy(im);

system(“PAUSE”);
return 0;
}